Ages 5-6 : Why Bread Rises: The Science of Yeast

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Today, we’re rolling up our sleeves and diving into the tasty science of yeast — the tiny living organisms that make bread rise, pizza puff, and cinnamon rolls fluffy.

These activities are designed for little chefs ages 5–6, with simple instructions, everyday ingredients, and big, bubbly results. From balloon inflators to puffed-up pizza, your kids will see yeast come to life — and then taste the science in action. Before you get started, download our Experiment Observation Sheet to get the most out of your experience!

Kitchen Chemistry At-A-Glance

ExperimentAgeMess LevelSupervisionAllergy Watch
Yeast Bubble Watch5–6LowLightNone
Balloons Breathing Yeast5–6LowLightNone

Yeast Bubble Watch
Ages 5–6

What You’ll Need:

Ingredients:

  • 1 teaspoon yeast
  • 1 teaspoon sugar
  • ¼ cup warm water
  • 1 clear glass or cup

How To:

  1. Add warm water to the glass.
  2. Sprinkle in sugar and stir.
  3. Sprinkle yeast on top and watch closely.
  4. In just a few minutes, tiny bubbles will appear and foam will start to grow!

Yeast Wakes Up!

Yeast are asleep when they’re dry. But when you give them warm water and sugar, they “wake up” and start eating. As they eat, they release carbon dioxide gas, which makes bubbles and foam. That’s yeast breathing!

Science Vocabulary:

  • Foam – A layer of bubbles on top of a liquid.
  • Wake up – When yeast becomes active in warm water.

How do your bubbles grow?

Try the experiment with no sugar. Do the bubbles grow as fast?

Use clear plastic cups so kids can watch safely without glass.


Balloon Breathing Yeast
Ages 5–6

What You’ll Need:

  • Small plastic water bottle
  • 1 teaspoon yeast
  • 1 teaspoon sugar
  • ¼ cup warm water
  • Small balloon

How To:

  1. Pour warm water, sugar, and yeast into the bottle. Swirl gently.
  2. Stretch the balloon’s opening over the top of the bottle.
  3. Set the bottle aside and wait 10–15 minutes.
  4. Watch the balloon slowly inflate as yeast makes gas!

Breathing Balloons

Just like in bread, yeast releases carbon dioxide gas when it eats sugar. In the bottle, the gas fills up the empty space — and pushes into the balloon, making it expand. The yeast is literally breathing into the balloon!

Science Vocabulary:

  • Inflate – To fill up with air or gas.
  • Gas – Something invisible that spreads out to fill space (like carbon dioxide).

Bigger Balloon?

Try two bottles — one with sugar, one without. Which balloon gets bigger?

 Great as a long-watching experiment — set it up before dinner and check back after eating.


Bonus: Experiment Observation Worksheets

Turn your kitchen into a playful science lab! Grab this free printable:

Want More?

Check out our full line of Playful Chef cooking kits that blend STEAM learning, real-life cooking and baking skills, and playful storytelling. From cakes to chemistry, we’ve got your chef covered.


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